英语中的sure和certain是近义形容词,均有“肯定的;确信的;有把握的”的意思,它们的用法也大体相似,许多情况下可以通用,但它们之间也有一些差别,现归纳如下:
一、相同点
1. 两者都能用于“be sure/certain + about /of短语”句型中,表示“对(某事)有把握”.主语必须是人,about/of之后多跟名词、代词.如:
I am sure/certain of his returning. 我确信他会回来.
He is quite sure/certain of /about it. 他对这事很有把握.
2. 两者都能用于be sure/certain to do sth句型中,表示“一定会做某事”,主语可以是人,也可以是物.如:
Spring is sure/certain to follow winter. 冬天过后一定是春天.
They are sure/certain to come. 他们一定会来的.
3. 两者都能用于“be sure/certain +从句”句型中,表示“确信……”,主语只能是人,而不能是物.如:
Tom is sure/certain that I put the key on the table. 汤姆确信我把钥匙放在桌子上了.
We are sure/certain that the book will be of great help to us.我们相信这本书对我们会有很大帮助.
4. 两者都能用于“make sure/certain +从句”结构中,表示“确定;弄清楚”,主语只能是人.如:
You must make sure/certain when the bus will leave. 你必须弄清汽车何时出发.
5. “I ' m not sure…”与“I ' m not certain…”意思相同.如:
I ' m not sure/certain where he is. 我不能确定他在哪儿.
I ' m not sure/certain how to do it. 我不能确定如何做这件事.
二、不同点
1. “I ' m sure…”与“I ' m certain…”均可译为“我深信(确)信……”,但两者的含义却不同.前者表示一种主观上的判断或感觉,事实并不一定如此.后者强调的则是客观事实,意为主语已经知道后面的内容是既定的事实.试比较下面一组句子:
I ' m sure he didn ' t steal it. He isn ' t that kind of person. 我确信他没偷,他不是那种人.
I ' m certain he didn ' t break the cup. I broke it myself. 我敢肯定他没有打碎那个茶杯,(因为)那个茶杯是我打碎的.
2. 如果it作为形式主语代替从句时,则其后的表语用certain,而不能用sure.如:
It isn ' t certain whether he will give us a report next Monday. 下星期一他是否来为我们作报告还不能确定.
3. 两者在作定语时含义不同:sure意为“可靠的;无误的”;而certain若修饰可数名词,意为“某一;某些;某种;一些”,若修饰抽象名词,表示程度,意为“有点;有些”.如:
The letter was sent by a sure hand. 信已由一位可靠的人寄出了.
He made a sure answer. 他回答得准确无误.
A certain person called on me yesterday. 昨天有个人来找过我.
4. 在祈使句中常用sure,不宜用certain.如:
Be sure and remember what I told you. 千万要记住我对你讲的话.
Be sure to write and tell me all the good news. 务必写信告诉我所有的好消息.
5. 口语中,sure常作副词,用在肯定答语中替代surely,这时与of course,certainly意思相当,而certain不可作副词用.如:
—Would you please turn down the radio a little bit? 请你把收音机音量拧小点,好吗?
—Sure/of course/certainly. 当然可以.
certainly与surely用法比较
区别一
表示客观论断,意为“无疑地”、“肯定地”、“确实地”,两者常可换用(注:通常用于被修饰词语之前).如:
He will surely [certainly] fail. 他肯定会失败.
The results are surely [certainly] satisfactory. 结果确实令人满意.
区别二
表示主观看法, 意为“想必”、“一定”、“我相信”等义,通常只用 surely.此时它表示既相信又不肯定或感到惊讶(有时几乎相当于一疑问句,书写时可用问号),通常置于句首或句末,若主语是人称代词,有时也可紧跟在主语之后.如:
You can do something to help him, surely. 你总可以想点办法帮他一下吧.
Surely that’s Jim over there? I thought he was in Paris. 那边想必是吉姆吧? 我还以为他在巴黎呢!
You surely [Surely you] don’t believe that. 想必你不会相信那种话吧.
比较:
That’s certainly a plain-clothes policeman. 那肯定是个 便衣警察.(表客观论断)
Surely that’s a plain-clothes policeman. 那一定是个便衣警察吧.(表示主观看法)
注:若用于否定句,则更强调说话者的怀疑态度,可译为“不见得会”、“不一定会”.如:
Surely you are not going alone. 你不见得会一个人去吧!
of course
一定,当然
=without doubt
of course在口语中的用法
表示:当然;自然.如:
He was late again, of course. 自然他又迟到了.
Of course I‘ll help you. 我当然会帮你.
Of course, I wish both of you well. 当然我希望你们俩身体健康.
He was joking. Of course I‘m not a poet. 他是在开玩笑,我当然不是诗人.
通常在对话中用作回答.如:
A:Are you coming with us? 你和我们一起去吗?
B:Of course. 当然啦.
A:Will you be able to come to the meeting? 你能来开会吗?
B:Of course. 当然能来.
A:May I book your dictionary? 我可借你的字典吗?
B:Yes, of course. 当然可以.
有时与not连用.如:
A:Were you glad to leave? 你愿意离开吗?
B:Of course not. 当然不愿意.
A:Do you want lost the game? 你起输掉这场比赛吗?
B:Of course not. 当然不想.
没有make it sure的用法,只能说是make sure.
make sure:意思是“确信、确定”,注意此短语的用法:
make sure to do sth.
make sure of sth
make sure + that 从句
Please make sure to turn off the lights when you leave. 离开时请务必要关灯。
Please make sure of the time and the place of the meeting. 请确定一下开会的时间和地点。
Make sure the work has been done before you leave. 你要确信你离开时工作已经完成。
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本文概览:英语中的sure和certain是近义形容词,均有“肯定的;确信的;有把握的”的意思,它们的用法也大体相似,许多情况下可以通用,但它们之间也有一些差别,现归纳如下: 一、相...